Adhesion preventing substance and method of using the same



July 21, 1931. T. LAW 1,815,305

ADHESION PREVENTING SUBSTANCE AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME Filed Sept.24, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet l w [I away;

INVENTOR. Theodore- Law,

BY 3 K 5" A TTORNE 5 JuHyZl, 1931. T.L.LAw 1,815,305'

ADHESION PREVENTING SUBSTANCE AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME Filed Sept.24. 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I N VEN TOR.

1 TTORNEY Patented July 21 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE THEODORE L.LAW, OF LORAIN, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO MONTFORD BLAKE .AN'DONE-HALF TO ROBERT L. BECK, BOTH OF CLEVELAND, OHIO ADHESION PREVENTINGSUBSTANCE AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME Application 'filecl September 24,1930. Serial No. 484,132.

in excess of material to fully fill all the spaces and to form-a thickcoating over the paving to insure the proper filling of the openingsbetween the paving units to be followed by the salvaging of the excessmaterial by strippin the same from the surface, leaving the. 'sur aceperfectly clean and with-the maxi mum effectiveness for proper traction.

Heretofore street pavements, particularly brick pavements, have at timesbeen treated to an excess of binder material'such as tar or asphalt, andthis not only mars the appearance of such pavements while new, but prevents the rough brick surfaces coming into proper tractive relation tothe vehicle wheels, 25, thus reducing this safety feature of brickpavements until trafiic has worn off such excess material. The same istrue of concrete 'or like pavements provided with tar or asphaltexpansion joints between sections or 80' along a central or marginalline, or as repairs in irregular cracked surf-aces.

The present invention has in View for its principal object, theprovision of a means and method of havin newly paved surfaces 85 presentas clean and e ective travel roadways as those which have been'worn freeof excess binder material. Another object is to permitthe free use ofexcess binder material during the period'ofconstruction, so thatsatisfactory filling and binding action will be insured, and thereaftersalvaging-such excess material. Other and further objects will appear inthe course of the following description.

. 6 T0 the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, sa1d1nvent1on, then, consists of the means hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims, the annexed drawings and thefollowing description setting forth in detail one approved method ofcarrying out the invention, such disclosed method, however, constitutingbut one of the various ways in which the principle of the inventionmaybe used.

In said annexed drawings:

Fig. 1 is atransverse broken sectional view of a brick roadway withbinder material shown in place in' the end portions and not p yetapplied to the center. portion; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a partof a brick pavement showing a section of excess binder material inprocess of removal; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a short section ofconcrete roadway with transverse and longitudinal asphalt expansionjoints showing the excessbinder material in course of removal;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a part of a con,-'

crete roadway with a cracked surface treated with excess bindermaterial, showing such excess in course of removal; Fig. 5 is aperspective new of a part of a brick street pavement showing theapplication thereto of an adhea binder material over a pavement treatedwith an adhesion-preventing substance.

In Fig. 1 is shown a cross section of brick pavement 1 asusually laid ona roadway, and comprising a cushion of granular slag, or gravel, or thelike, 2, over which is laid an open mesh reinforcing 3, above which islaid a bed of reinforced concrete 4, upon which is spread a sand cushion5, upon which the brick units 6 are laid in spaced relation. The roadwayis provided at its side edges with curbing preferably. granite slabs 7supported on a base of crushed stone,"slag or gravel 8, beneath which isa French drain 9.

Y It will be noted that the bricks are ordinarily spaced a distancesufficient to admit a binder element between the same. As stated,ordinarily the application of the binder is made in excess in order toinsure filling of all the cracks, but as shown at the ends of Fig. 1,when the roadway is finished, all that is necessary or desired is thatthe cracks be filled even to thesurface, or even slightly below thesurface, so that. in excessively hot weather. expansion of the binderwill not cause the upper portion thereof to overflow the spaceintermediate the individual units. The surface itself should be free ofbinder, as excess binder on the surface tends to produce vibration in avehicle passing over the same, and if in great excess, the roadway maybecome slippery in wet weather. Excess binder also greatly detractsfromthe appearance stain or coating. It also'should be of.uni-

form characteristics during shipment and use and should be effective toprevent adhesion of the binder, even though the removal of the excess ofthe latter should be somewhat delayed.

It has been found that by using a mixture of. wheat flour and water withthe addition .of water colors, that very satisfactory results can beobtained. The mixture is made by using one and one-half pounds of wheatflour to each gallon of water with the addition to every ten gallons ofthe solution thus formed, of one and one-half ints of water colors,which'are composed of a pigment ground in water with gum or glycerine asa binder.

The water colors used should preferably be brick color because of theimproved appearance of the work during construction, as well asafterward, althoughthe particular color used does not in any way changethe efiectiveness of the material. The mlxture is a liquid and not apaste. mediately before the filler is applied and is not allowed tobecome dry on the surface of the paving units.

The exact action of the solution is not understood but many tests havebeen made showing the efiectiveness of the solution to permit the easystripping of the excess binder leaving the brick surface absolutelyclean.

After laying the brick paving units, as shown in Fig. 1, the adhesionpreventing It is applied im-' substance, preferably that just described,is applied as a light coating 11 over the brick surface 12, by means ofabrush 13, as is shown in Fig. 5. This coats only the top surface of thepaving units and does not extend appreciably into the spaces betweensuch units and'thus prevent a proper bond between the units and thefiller material. Anexcess amount of binding material 14 is then appliedover the coated surface of the brick, as is shown in Fig. 6. The bindingmaterial is applied while hot andis applied in such quantity as to forma relatively heavy sheet over the entire surface of the pave- .ment. Acold type ofbinder may be used.

After the binder has penetrated the openings between the paving unitsand has become somewhat stifi', the excess amount,

which, as stated, is in the form of a relatively heavy sheet 15 as isshown in Fig. 2, is stripped from the surface preferably with a scraper16, after deeply marking a line 17 for a suitable width of salvage strip18.

NVhemthus stripped, the brick units 19 will Show flush or substantiallyflush portions of' .bindlng material between the same.

It is not detrimental or in any way destructive of the security of thebond between the paving units if a small portion of the adhesionpreventing substance goes down between the paving units asmall distance,as this would assist in stripping from the binding material within thecracks between the units along with the sheet of a fractional portion ofsuch material leaving the binder slightly below the level of thepaving'during ordinary temperatures, which would compensate forexpansion of such material during excessively hot weather.

The treatment of concrete pavements is substantially the same whenasphalt, or like material, is used for transverse and longitudinalexpansion joints 21, 22, as is shown in Fig. 3. In such case, theadhesion preventing substance is applied as a strip of liquid coating 23at each side of the'opening, and the binder material 24 is then appliedin excess amount so as to form a ridge over the opening which isthenremoved above the surface level by means of a scraper 25, or othersuitable implement.

Where irregular cracks 26 are to be re-.

paired in concrete, or like composition, as is shown in Fig. 4, thesurface adjacent said crack is coated with strips27 of adhesivepreventing substance and binder 28 in excess amount is then applied andlater removed above the surface level by means of a scraper 29. I I IWhile brick and concrete have been referred to as the particular pavingmaterial to which the invention is to be applied, it is to be understoodthat-equally good results maybe obtained with other forms of pavingsubstance must not be of such character as to be detrimental to thesubsequent use of the salvaged bituminous material used as a binder.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employedinstead of the one explained, change being made as reclo'sed, providedthe step or steps stated by any of the following claims or theequivalent of such stated step or steps be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. A method of paving which comprises the steps of laying the pavingunits in spaced relation, applying an adhesion preventing sionpreventing liquid has become dry so as to fill the spaces intermediatesaid units and to form overthe upper surface of said units a sheet ofbituminous material of substantial thickness, stripping such excessmaterial after the same has become somewhat cool and stiff, andthereafter re-heating suchexcess bituminous material and using the sameto coat further areas of such paving units treated with adhesionpreventing substance. gards the product and method herein dis- Signed byme this 7th day of August, 1930.

- THEODORE L. LAW.

substance to the surface thereof, applying the binder material in largeexcess so as to .form a surface sheet over the paving, and stripping thesurface sheet at the top'surface of the paving units, leaving the binderin the space between the units flush with the surface.

2. A method of paving which comprises the steps of laying the pavingunits in'spaced relation, applying an adhesion preventing substance inliquid form over small areas of the upper surface of'said units,applying a bituminous binder material in large excess over the coatedsurface of said units before the adhesion preventing liquid has becomedry so as to fill the spaces intermediate said units and to formover'the upper surface of said units a sheet of bituminous material ofsubstantial thickness, and stripping such excess' material after thesame has become somewhatstifi and set.

3. A.method of paving which comprises the steps of laying the pavingunits in spaced relation, applying an adhesion preventing substance inliquid form over small areas of the upper surface of said units,applying a bituminous binder material in large excess over the coatedsurface of said units before the adhesion preventing liquid has becomedry so as to fill the spaces intermediate said units and to form overthe upper surface of said units a sheet of bituminous material ofsubstantial thickness forming parallel lines of separation for asuitable width of salvage strip across said sheet of excess material,and stripping such excess material in successive widths after the samehasbecome somewhat.

stiff and set.

4. A method' of paving which. comprises the steps of laying the pavingunits in spaced relation, applying an adhesion preventing substance of acharacter not detrimental to the salvaging of bituminous material inliquid form over small areas of the upper surface of said units,applying hot bituminous binder material in large excess over the coatedsurface of said units before the adhe-

